Electric meter.



No. 67|,2a2. Patented Apr. 2, 19m. E. .1. Kms.

ELECTRIC METER.

(Application filed Jan. 20, 1.900, (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet l.

NIU/leases Inventor? "IW l vEllbohcj'King rus ucnms varen; co. PNoTo-Ll'mo.. wAsmNGmn. n. c.

' No. 67|,282. Patented Apr, 2, I 90l. l E. JQKING.

ELECTRIC METER.

` (Application filed Jan. 20, 1900.; (No Modem v 5 SheVets-Sheet 2:

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e565; y Y .Jnvntol' E Eltoncllngf A c.' me mums raus cu` momma. wnsmumu u Patented Apr. 2, 190|. E. J. KING.'

ELECTRIC METER.

(Application lefl Jan. 20, 1900.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Jnvenbon Eltomcj. King.

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WW llllmmlnhlulll YH! IDRRAIS PETRS C0.. FNTBLIHO.. WASHXNGTON. DV C.

(No Model.)

No. 67|,282. Patented Apr. 2, |90I;V E. J. KING.

ELECTRIC METER.

(Application led Jan. 20, 1900.

A(No ModeL) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4,

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Witnesses J'nventor? g2 Ellto'n'JKing. '4 IDH-MM5 No. 67|-,282. Patented Apr. 2,'l9or. 5,4. KING. ELECTRIC METER.

{Application filed Jan. 20. 1900.; I (No Modelj Sheets--Sheet 5.

wt nomas' Eriks co. maremma, wAsHmroN. n. r;

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y ELTON J. KING, OF lFORT WAYNE, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR TO `THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF NEIV YORK.

ELECTRIC METER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 671,282, dated April 2, 190i.

i Application filed January 20, 1900. Serial No. 2,117I (No model.)

To ML 7,071,011?, it may concern/.-

Beit known that I, ELTON J. KING, a citizen `of the United States, residing at Fort Wayne, county of Allen, State of Indiana, have in- Avented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Meters, (Case No. 1,490,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates tol improvements in -alternating-current meters, and is particuio larly adapted to meters for measuring the energy consumed in an alternating-current circuit. In my description I shall refer to meters suitable for measuring the energy of single-phase alternating currents, the armature i5 of the meter being of the low-resistance type,

` such as an aluminium or copper cylinder or disk; but it is evident that my improvements are not confined to meters of the single-phase type, since by suitable modifications Well zo known in the art they may be applied to the measurement of energy in mnltiphase circuits.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a 1notor-ineter of the induction type that is simple and cheap in construction and compact and convenient to install and handle.

f Another feature of my invention consists in producing a meter which will register accurately the actual energy consumed as well 3o on inductive as on non-inductive loads andwhich is at the same time capable of adjustment for varying amounts of friction without affecting the accuracy of registration. To this end I provide the meter with a plurality of shunt-windings adjustable with re spect to each other and supplied with currents differing in phase by such an amount that the action of the several shunt-coils, in conjunction with the series coil 0r coils, shall 4o produce on the armature the same effect as would be produced by a single shunt-winding supplied with current displaced in phase by ninety degrees from the electromotivev force of the circuit in which the meter is in- 4; eluded. By so dividing the shunt-Held and rendering the several shunt-coils relatively adjustable I am enabled to give the meter an initial starting torque due to the shunt-windings alone and to adjust this torque by ad- 5o justing the angular displacement of the several shunt-windings until it is just sufficient to' compensate for the friction of the meter without changing the magnitude or the phase relation of the components of the shunt-field.

Myinvention consists also in certain details of construction hereinafter described, and more fully pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings, Figure l is a front elevation of my improved meter, showing the base or frame with the operative parts mounted 6o thereon and with the cover removed. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the meter, the cover heilig shown in posit-ion. Fig. 3 is a View in cross-section along the line 3 of Fig. l. Figs. 4. to 7, inclusive, illustrate modiiications of the arrangement of the shunt-coils. Fig. 8 illustrates one of the features of my invention as applied to a meter of the disk type. Figs. 9 to ll, inclusive, relate to an improved construction of the inductancecoil. 7o Fig. l2 showsa combined inductance-coil and condenser. Figs. 13 to 17, inclusive, are diagrams illustrating certain features of my in-4 vention.

ReferringtoFigsland2,tlieoperativeparts of the meter areshown mounted on a metallic base B, which is provided with three sup-` ports or eyes I, 2, and 3 for mounting or secu ring the frame to a perpendicularsupport. To

assist in insta-lling, the eye is slotted, the 8o, slot being along the arc of a circle from 1 as a center. The lower part of the frame B is recessed and the frontl wall ofthe recessed portion is provided with an aperture 5 to re* ceive the winding of an inductance-coil I, which projects through said aperture into the interior of the meter-casing. The inductance-coil is secured in position by a clamping part Il, which surrounds and inclosesthe winding of the coil and clamps the core of the 9o same against the frame of the meter. This clamp is held in position by the screws et 4f'. By thus arranging the inductance-coil I am enabled to make all the connections between it and the shunt-circuit without passing any wires through the metal frame of the meter. The armature A of the meter consists of an aluminium or copper cup mounted on the shaft G, supported in the usual manner on a spring jewel-bearing carried by a bracket l0, ico extending from the meter-frame. A jam-nut 16 is arranged, as is usual, to screw up and shunt-coils.

` the armature-shaft.

rin the meter-frame.

down on the jewel-post and come in Contact With a shoulder on the shaft 6 to raise it o' its jewel. .The top end ofthe shaft 6 is guided by a pin-bearing 7, supported by the bracket 8, and is provided with a worm which meshes with the worm-Wheel of the vre,9 ,istering mechanism R, also supported by the same bracket. By removing the screws 9 9 the bracket and allparts supported thereby may be removed,

leaving the armature A, together with. its

shaft 6, free to be removed from the meter and replaced without changing any of the adjustments of the meter or aifecting its ac-y curacy in any way. The windings which are operative in driving the meter-armature are shown at a, a, b, and c. The coils a aJ are the series coils of the meter and are supported from the frame B by'means of the clamp 26.

These coils are mounted at an angle to each other in order to reduceV the length of their magnetic circuit and-also to bringthem into a more effective position with respectto the The shunt-coils b andc aresupported Within the armature.. 'lher coiljb is mounted on alaminated core d, the poles of which include the depending portion offthe meter-armature, and this core is carried by the same clamp 26 which supports `the series r The coil c is mounted on a laminated core c, carried by a sleeve 13, surrounding. The sleeve 13 is in turn i supported by a -fraine 14, mounted on the bracket 10. Alever 15, clamped1to the sleeve y coils.

13, furnishes a means for angularly adjusting the core e, together with its coil c, so

that the fieldsproduced by the coils b and c may be caused to intersect the armature at points displaced from each other by any de-A The coils b and c are connected j in shunt to themains in a manner 'he`rein,

sired angle.

after to be described.` y

A retarding-magnet M is snpportedvffrom the onter'end of the bracket-10,'so that its poles include the dependingl portion ofith'e.

motor-armature at a point diametrically opposite the motor-winding, so that the magnet isremoveda's far as possible from the influence of the motor-coils.

the retarding eifect of the magnet on the armature may be varied. The above construction enables me to make a very compact meter. At the same time the parts may be quickly assembled and are readily accessible incase of trouble, and all parts which require adjustment are placed in most favorable positions. The cover or case C is made of any suitable metal pressed into the shape indi-y cated in the drawings and riveted at the top and bottom to the castings 21 and 22, which Vcastings are provided with means for secur. ing the cover in place. The casting 22 at the' bottom is provided with a hook-shaped rprojection 22', adapted to engage an opening23 In placing the cover on i the meter the hook 22' is first caused to endisk type.- with itscoil b, is supported., as before, from vmagnetic circuit.-

y Slots in the plate 12to which the magnet -is clamped, provide for a vertical adjustment, by means of whichA gage with the opening 23-and then the cover is turnedV onV the hook as a hinge until the screw 25' engages the lug 25. When closed, the edge of the cover projects into the groove 24, extending around the edge of the meterframe,`and this groove is provided with a strip of felt to insure a dust-proof. iit. The meter'is'connected into circuit by means of wires passing through bushings 17 and 19 to thefbin'ding-posts 18 and 20, the series connections leading to the binding-posts 18 and the shunt connection being carried to the 4seetionczv surrounds both the vcore e and the -upper leg ofthe core d and lis madeof sufficient width to permit the necessary adjustmentof vthe-core e. These several'sections vo-fftbe -coil 1c may beconnected in seri-es with .each otherand treated as one coil, or they maybefconneeted `in anyothermannerto prolduce the results desired.

In Eig. VEi I have illustrated this feature of my invention as applied to a meter of the The laminated core d, together themeter-fraine, While the core e, carrying Vthe coil c, -isadjustable around the meterfaxi-s. 'Ihe position ofrthe` series coils. is Vindicated in dotted `linee-at a,

In all. ofthe. modi fications-shown in Figs.

:2'to 8, inclusive,` theouter leg of the lami-` natedfcore bis extended in front of the armature A-on-l-y sufficiently to complete its own If, however, itis desirable to render the magnetic circuit of the coil c morecoinplete, this outer leg may be extended in front of thecore d, and suclila construction isrindicated in dotted lines.

In Figs. 9 to 11, inclusive, I haveillustrat-ed the construction of the core of theimpedancecoil `which -I prefer to employ. In` these figlunes, f represents the main or `externalj portion .of the core, g `that portion of the core4 around which the coil Iis wound, and t' the clamping-plates which bind vthe laminations offthe ytvv-e cores together. The core g is made shorter than the space between the opposite sides ofthe coref in order to provide the requisite air-gap, and along the axis ofthe core g and betweenit and the corefI have made V'openingsn through'which insulating-bolts h are passed to bind thetwo cores together.

These holes, as before stated, are located along the-axial -linelof the core g and are thereforeinaneutral position as far as the IOO IIO

` and the'plates connected to thelugs la the l with current in various ways, the only essentions that the resultant ot' the magnetic fluxes `ductance-coil and the condenser.

magnetic circuits are concerned. By this construction I am enabled to maintain adefi nite air-gap between the elements of the core by means of the saine bolts which are used to clamp the elements of the core together.

By introducing a small capacityinto the circuit of the shunt-coils in a manner hereinafter described I am enabled to materially reduce the amountof current required in the shunt-circuit, and in order that the introduction of such capacity may not require a separate element I have combined in one structure the inductance-coil and a condenser. Fig. 12 shows this construction, which is in general similar to that shown in Figs. 9 to l1, inclusive, but between each of the laminations of theexterior portieri of the core there is introduced a sheet of dielectric t, and alternate laminze areconuected `together at each end of the core by means of the lugs k 7c", extending therefrom. The plates connected to the lugs la constitute one condenser-terminal other terminal. By means of such a construction I am enabled to combine in compact form and in `one structure both the in- The' shunt-coils b and c may be supplied tial being that the currents supplied thereto shall have such magnitude and phase rela-v` due lto the shunt-coils shall be dephased by ninety degrees from the electromotive force of the circuit to which said coils are connect? ed. In Figs. 13 to 17,'inclusiv`e, I have illustrated diagrammatically some of the connections which may be used. These diagrams illustrate the arrangement of coils shown in Figs. 2 and 35 "but it is evident that the ar` rangement shown `in Figs. 4 to?, inclusive, may be similarly connected. i

Referring to Fig. 13, a b c represent, as before, the series and shunt coils, respectively, and I the impedance-coil. As shown in this figure, the winding of the impedance-coil is divided into two sections, one of which is con nected in series with the shunt-coil b across the mains and the other 0f which supplies current through an adjustable resistance to the coil c. As indicated by the diagram adjacent to this figure, I am enabled by such connections to obtain two shunt magnetic fields which are so related in magnitude and phase that their resultant will be equivalent to a field displaced by ninety. degrees from the field due t0 the series coils when the lneteris opera-ting on a non-inductiveload. The winding m of theinductance-coilI,connected in series withthe mainshunt-coil b, causes the current in the main shunt-coil to lag sufficiently to produce a main shunt magnetization lagging somewhat less than'ninety degrees behind the electromotive force of the circuit or, what amounts to the same thing, somewhat less` than ninetydegrees behind the magnetization due to the series coil on l non-inductive load. This main shunt magnetization may be represented in magnitude and phase by the line p. The winding m on the inductance-coil, acting as the secondary of a transformer and supplying current to the coil c, produces a magnetization which may be represented in magnitude and phase by the line q. The resultant of these two magnetizationsis represented bythe line lr,whicl1 is displaced by ninety degrees from the line o, representing the phase ofthe magnetization of the series coil ct on non-inductive load.

The arrangement of Fig. 14 differs-from that shown in Fig. 13 only in this respect, that the winding supplying the coil cis placed in inductive relation to the main shunt-coil b instead of beingin inductive relation to the winding ofthe inductance-coil. Inl both of these cases it is evident thatinstead of using two separate windings on the core of the inductance-coil or on the main shunt-core VI might connect the terminals of the coil c across a portion of the turns of the induc- .tance-coil or across a portion of the turns of i the main shunt-coil, theaction being sulostan` tially the same as Withthe arrangement.

shown. i t

As alreadystated, the introduction of a condenser into the shunt-circuit may becansed to materially reduce the shunt-current necessary to be taken from the line foranygiven magnitude ofthe resultantof thecomponent Vshunt-fields, and in Figs'l to 17,`inclusive,

different ways of connecting ina condenser to accomplish this result are illustrated.

In Fig. `15 the connections are the saine as in Figulet, save that a condenser 'a is inserted in the circuit of the coil c. The introduction of the condenser into this circuit acts simply to advance the phase of the current beyond what it would be if the condenser were omit- IOO IOS

ted, soA that by using the conienserI am eny to Fig. 15,'in which p represents in magnitude and phase the main shunt magnetization and qthe magnetization produced by the auxiliary shuntcoil. Comparing this diagram with t-he diagrams of Figs. 13 and 14, it will be noted that although the lines q are equal inlength in the two diagrams the line p is very materially reduced in length in the diagram in Fig. I5. f y

In Fig. 16 Ifhave shown a condenser ,connected in a different manner toproduce substantially the same results. 1n thisfigure thecoils I) and c are connected in series with each other'and with `the winding ot' the inductance-co'il I across the mains, `the coil c being in this case shunted by the condenser. In the diagram adjacent to this figure the ITO -being retarded,as indicated. by the line g;

In this case also the magnitude of the main shunt magnetization necessary to produce the i required'resultant vfield is reduced.

In Fig. 17-l have shown the coil b connectedv in seriesWit-h the inductance-'coil I across the mains andthe coil c also connected across the mains with a condenser included in its The connections tothe coil c are'reversed, so .that While thecurrent in the coil c is leading it. has the samejelect as a current lagging. byles's than one hundredand eighty degrees, as indicated in the adjacent diagram.

`When the 'coils b and c are arranged in inductive relation to each other, as shown in i. divided-intosections, asA shown in Figs-6 and 7, theI required phase relations -may bezob-` tai'ned. in `the manner already indicated fin 1 '1r SofiV y y `0f-1he coil1cin ythe latter case being treated Figsiv-l-S tol?, inclusive, the several sections From me diagramgintigs. e@ 17, tuent sive, itlisapparent that by the use of acondenserin connection-with the windings of the 'me'ter I amenabled to materially reduce lthe i amountIOtshUnt-current lwhich isv .necessary to'betaken from'the line, and for this reason i the construction which I haveyillustrated .in Fig. 12 constitutes a 'valuable `feature of my invention. f

`Ihave not attempted in Figs. 13 130217 inclusive, toillustrateall the Aconnections which might be'u's'edto prod uce the magnitudes and phase'rel'ations desiredin my meter. These figures are merely'illustrative of certain con- .nections Which .may be used; butI aim tov cover'in theclaims annexed au'yvconnections i which areadaptedto produce the desired effecta j What I claim as neW,'and desirefto secure by Letters Patent offtheUnited States, is-'.``

1.v In combination in an electric` meter, a

y' cup-shaped armature, a shaft therefor,fa

bracket supporting the lower bearing forsaid shaft, a retarding-m'agnet in coperative'rela-` tion with saidarmature, and an `extension ony 1 said bracket tfor'supporting said retardingmagnet.

"support'edgb'y one of' said` brackets, and havdegrees `behind 2. In .combination in a meter, a-frame com-l prisingaback w'ithbrackets extending there-` from, a cup-shaped armaturesupporte'd between said brackets, anda retarding-magnet ing electric currents, a cup-shaped armature, a' series coil or coils arranged adjacent to the cylindrical surface of said armature on the outside, and a plurality of relatively adjustable shunt-coils Within said armature.

4. In combination in a -meter for alternating electric currents, a cup-shaped armature, aseries coil or coils arranged ,adjacent to the cylindrical surface of said 4armature on the outside, a plurality of relatively adjustable shunt-coils within said armature, and a retarding-magnet also in cooperative relation with said armature.

5. In combination in a meter for alternating electric currents, a cup-shaped armature, a series coil or coils arranged adjacent yto the cylindrical ysurface ot said "armature Von the outside, a plurality of relatively adjustable shunt-coils Within saidjarmature,and means for supplyingdephasedcurrentsto said shuntcoils.

6. In analternating-current induction me- `ter-motor, provided with av cupshaped'armature, a plurality ofrrelatively adjustable shuntcoils Within said armature, yan adjustable sleeveA surrounding the armature-shaft, and anarm mounted on said sleeve for supportiingone of vsaid shunt-coils.v

7; In combination in a. meter foralternati ng electric currentsgan armature, aseries coil orcoils, apluralityJof relatively adjust- .ablegshunt-coils, meansy for supplying to one "of-said shunt-coils 'a current lagging `.behind the impressed electromotive forceof the circuit, and, means for producing in the vother of said coils a current; of such magnitude and phase thatthe resultant of the fields due to the two coils Will-lag by substantially ninety the impressed electromotive force. if 8. In combinati n-in a meter for alternating electric currents, Va cup-shaped armature,

a series coil orcoils arranged adjacent to the cylindrical surface ofsaid armature on the outside, a l.pluralityo'f relatively adjustable shunt-coils Within said armature, means for supplying to one of said shunt-coilsa current vlagging behind the impressed electromotive force of the circuit,aud means for producing vin the other of said coils a current of such magnitudejand phase that the` resultant of the Iields due to the two coils will lag by substantially'ninety degrees behind the 'impressed electromotive force. j

`. 9. In combination in an electric meter, an armature, a main shunt-coil in inductive relation to said armature,` and an auxiliary shunt-coil also in inductive relation to' said armature, surrounded by-,andfangularly ad- -ju'stable within said main coil.

10. Incombination in an electric meter, a plurality of shunt-coils, means for -producing in one of said coils acurrent laggingless than ninety degreesbehind the electromotive force impressed-on the circuit, means for producing in a second coil a current lagging by more ICO than ninety degrees behind the impressed electromotive force, and a condenser in the circuit of said second coil.

l1. In combination in an electric meter, a current coil or coils, a plurality of potential coils, means for producing in each of said potential coils a current displaced in phase from the electromotive force of the circuit, and a condenser for modifying the phase of the current in one of said coils.

12. A combined impedance-coil and condenser, comprising a coil, a laminated core of magnetic material for said coil, and a dielec` tric medium interposed between the laminze of said core.

13. In an inductance-coil,a plurality of laminated cores constituting a nearly-closed magnetic circuit, and non-magnetic means for clamping the laminae of said cores together, 

